dent

In weaving, a dent is a single wire or blade that forms part of the reed, the comb-like structure mounted in the loom's harness frame. Each dent holds and spaces one or more warp threads as they pass through during the weaving process. The dents are typically made from flat steel wire, spaced at precise intervals to determine the thread density, or ends per inch (EPI), of the finished fabric.

Reeds come in standard widths, usually measured in inches, and are specified by their dent count: a 40-dent reed spaces warp threads at 40 dents per inch, while a 20-dent reed spaces them at 20 per inch. A single dent may hold one thread (open denting) or multiple threads (close denting), depending on the desired fabric weight and weave. For tightly woven cloth or fine yarns, narrower dent spacing is required; for loose, open weaves or thick yarns, wider spacing works.

The dent performs two critical functions during weaving. First, it maintains consistent spacing across the warp during the shed opening and closing motion, preventing threads from twisting or tangling. Second, it acts as a beater element when the reed swings forward to pack the newly woven weft against the fell (the edge of formed fabric). Worn or bent dents will cause irregular selvedges, uneven thread tension, and visible defects in the cloth.

Reed damage most commonly results from broken or sprung dents that no longer hold threads straight or fail to beat evenly. Bent dents can be straightened under controlled conditions, but cracked or severely kinked wires typically require reed replacement. Some reeds feature removable dents for partial repair, though this is uncommon in modern production weaving.

The term 'dent' likely derives from the Old French 'dent' (tooth), reflecting the reed's resemblance to a comb. In broader textile terminology, the reed itself is sometimes called the 'dent reed' to distinguish it from other reed types. Understanding dent specifications is essential for calculating warp yardage, predicting fabric density, and troubleshooting weaving faults related to thread control and finish appearance.